The kachru model consisted on three concentric circles. These three circles, as has repeatedly been mentioned in the literature, bring to the english language and, of course, to its literature, too a unique cultural pluralism, and a variety of speech fellowships. Taking into account kachrus interesting but at the same time controversial debate about the status of english in its varieties, which are commonly called wes and the opposing ideas presented by quirk, it is aimed to present an overview of these discussions, together with some examples. It starts off with the developmental cycles of new varieties of english based on three main models by three main scholars, namely, kachrus three concentric circles of englishes 1994, moags lifecycle model 1982, and schneiders dynamic model 2007.
The diffusion of english is seen in terms of three concentric circles. In his 1985 paper, kachru classified englishes using the now famous three circles model. This paper provides a brief description on the aspect of malaysian english lexis. The labels inner, outer, and expanding circles represent the type of spread, the patterns of acquisition, and the functional allocation of the english language in diverse. Pdf looking under kachrus 1982, 1985 three circles model of. Kachrus research while affiliated with university of illinois. These circles represent the type of spread, the patterns of acquisition and the functional domains in which english is used across cultures and languages kachru, 1985, p.
Kachrus three concentric circles model of english language. Kachru model the three circles of english varieties of. Kachrus three concentric circles model of english language eric. The expanding circle is one of the three concentric circles of world english described by linguist braj kachru in standards, codification and sociolinguistic realism.
Kachru 1985 described the spread of english in terms of three concentric circles. Although, we have reached a conclusion that it is not completely correct since we still have people all over the world migrating from one place to another. It has become conventional to represent the diversity of varieties of english in the form of three concentric circles an idea introduced by the linguist braj kachru. Advantages and disadvantges of kachrus three circle. The article titled kachrus three concentric circles.
The inner circle refers to the traditional bases of english, where it is the primary language. Braj kachrus pioneering model 1982, 1985, 1986, 1990, 1996, 2003, representing the growth and spread of english in the world, has been. Analysis of kachrus concentric circles english language. This model is comprised of three concentric circles, which he labelled. These were concentric circles and he called them the inner, outer and expanding circles. Three circle model of world englishes english uk essays. Lexicology and semantics assignment week 1 group 5. World englishes, english as an international language and. It has become conventional to represent the diversity of varieties of english in the form of three concentric circles an idea introduced by the linguist braj kachru in 1985. Outer circle definition and examples world english. Braj kachru, born in 1932 in kashmir, is an indian professor emeritus of linguistics at the university of illinois, who initiated, shaped and defined the field of world englishs which describes the spread of english all across the globe. World englishes and applied linguistics kachru 1990.
World englishes and culture wars by braj kachru border. Inner circle outer circle expanding circle the amount of speakers in the inner and outer circles are both estimated at 37 million and the expanding circle at 750million according to. This paper examines the pioneering model of world englishes formulated by kachru in the early 1980s that allocates the presence of english into three concentric circles. However, the real international status of kiswahili is yet to be put to test objectively. In this model the diffusion of english is captured in terms of three concentric circles of the language. Braj kachrus model of three concentric circles of englishes was originally proposed with a clear pedagogic problem in mind, but has developed to an account that stretches beyond the context of pedagogy. The total number of english speakers in the inner circle is as. In this article, you will learn to create concentric circles using smartart tool. The labels inner, outer, and expanding circles represent the type of spread. Looking under kachrus 1982, 1985 three circles model of world. Braj kachrus explains the resultant dominance of english through his model of world englishes. Looking under kachrus 1982, 1985 three circles model of. You will note from the following quote that kachru refers to the eslefl classi.
Kachru 1992 however, put forward another classification outlining the roles of english in the world as three concentric circles. Three circle model of world englishes english literature. The inner circle refers to the traditional cultural and linguistic bases of. Three concentric circles by braj kachru 1743 words 123. Moreover, following these discussions on wes, eil and. Let us begin with kachrus classification of english as a world language as consisting of three circles kachru, 1982, 1988. Included in this circle are the usa, uk, ireland, canada, australia and new zealand. Concentric circles are extremely useful to create a whole range of business graphics. It discussed about the spread of english language around the world through braj kachrus three concentric circles. In his investigation of the spread of english, braj kachru 1985 presents a model that consists of three circles each one. The threecircle model of world englishes was developed by kachru in 1985 and it remains one of the most influential models for grouping the varieties of english in the world mollin, 2006, p. The most influential model of the spread of english is braj kachrus model of world englishes.
The inner circle refers to countries where english is used as a mothertongue language for example, usa, uk, and ireland. Whether it is target diagram, circular maze or ripple effect diagram concentric circles form the base for a whole range of diagrams. A, australia, new zealand, ireland and anglophone canada. His theory states that the prevalence of english today can be divided into three concentric circles. For many sociolinguists the most important and accurate model is the one proposed by braj kachru in 1988. Advantages and disadvantges of kachrus three circle model by fred wehbe. Introduction the unprecedented global spread english has experienced in the last years has paved the way for changes in the sociolinguistic profile of the language. Kachrus three concentric circles and english teaching fallacies. The model was embedded in a particular set of ideas and a political position, premised on a number of assumptions about languages and societies. Alixander haban escote is very informative and impressive. This paper attempts to introduce and explain the famous three concentric circles proposed by kachru, namely, the inner circle, the outer. The inner circle is made up the traditional bases of english and its.
World englishes and culture wars by braj kachru border crossing. Kachrus model comprised of three concentric circles of languages. Braj kachru proposed a model of three concentric circles that showed the diversity of english, differentiated between native and nonnative englishes and legitimised nonnative englishes as distinct varieties. World englishes academic dictionaries and encyclopedias. Kachru assigned the inner circle to the native speakers of english comprising. Kachrus three concentric circles and english teaching. The article kachrus three concentric circles is an informative literary piece for it gives lots of information or facts on how english language has clambered throughout the world and how it is widely spoken by less than two billion people worldwide. Using circles to map the world only english braj kachr u s pioneering model 1982, 1985, 1986, 1990, 1996, 2003. His three circle model of world englishes, states that there are three circles inside which, the different speakers are classified. Kachru conceived the idea of three concentric circles of.
The most influential model of the spread of english is braj kachru s model of world englishes. Kachrus concentric circles model the concentric circles model proposed by kachru is a method encapsulating the types of spread, the patterns of acquisition and the functional domains in which english is used across cultures kachru, 1992. Kachru assigned the inner circle to the native speakers of english comprising of countries such as the united kingdom, united states of america, new zealand, canada, australia and ireland. The inner circle countries were those in which english was traditionally the first. The outer circle is one of the three concentric circles of world english described by linguist braj kachru in standards, codification and sociolinguistic realism.
In his seminal papers and miscellaneous writings, braj kachru discussed the spread of english around the world in terms of three concentric circles. Kachrus three circles method of classification outlining the roles of english in the world as three concentric circles. Kachrus three concentric circles, the interlanguage theory, standard english and english as a lingua france elf were paid special attention while touching upon the controversial debates on world englishes. In his investigation of the spread of english, braj kachru 1985 presents a model that consists of three circles each one representing a particular group of countries on the basis of the situation and the use of english in them see figure 1 below. Tripathi a reexamination of a widelyestablished view of how english works in the world english is perhaps the most widely used language in the world today1 but the assumptions and formulations about its use in different parts of the world are variously questionable. According to him the spread of english stems from the expansion of the british empire and its resulting colonial legacy. The inner circle represents the traditional bases of english. This paper addresses the issue of the relationship between world englishes we and applied linguistics. Braj kachrus identification of the three concentric circles has been marveled by various linguists of the world. The current sociolinguistic profile of english may be viewed in terms of three concentric circles.
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